Judaism - References

Judaism References and Photo Credits

References

“’Abad.” Bible Study Tools. Bibleword. https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/hebrew/nas/abad.html. 
“About Us.” Shamayim: About https://shamayim.us/#!/page/about-us
“Angela’s Story.” Freedom Farm Sanctuary: Rescued Animals. https://www.freedom-farm.org.il/en/angelas-story/.
Animals Now: About Us. https://animals-now.org/en/about/. 
Avot 1:17. Pirkei Avot. Sefaria: A Living Library of Jewish Texts. https://www.sefaria.org/Pirkei_Avot.1.17?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en. 
Avot 1:5. Pirkei Avot. Sefaria: A Living Library of Jewish Texts. https://www.sefaria.org/Pirkei_Avot.2.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en.
Avot 2:1. Pirkei Avot. Sefaria: A Living Library of Jewish Texts. https://www.sefaria.org/Pirkei_Avot.2.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en. 
Avot 2:4. Pirkei Avot. Sefaria: A Living Library of Jewish Texts. https://www.sefaria.org/Pirkei_Avot.1.17?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en. 
“A Wing and a Prayer: The Kapparot Chicken-Swinging Ritual.” United Poultry Concerns. http://upc-online.org/kaparos/a_wing_and_a_prayer.html.
Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 32b. https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Metzia.32b.11?lang=bi. Also, Shulchan Aruch (Code of Jewish Law).
“Bava Metzia 85a-b: Forsaking the Torah.” Aleph Society. Rabbi Adin-Even-Israel Steinsaltz. Dec. 2016. https://steinsaltz.org/daf/bavametzia85/. 
Bava Metzia 85a. Chapter 7. The William Davidson Talmud, Sefaria https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Metzia.85a?lang=bi; also https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Metzia.85a.10?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
“Beit Midrash.” Yeshiva: The Torah World Gateway: Jewish Laws and thoughts: Plants and Animals. https://www.yeshiva.co/midrash/31828. 
Berman, Louis. Vegetarianism and the Jewish Tradition. NY: KTAV, 1982.
“Biblical Vocabulary: עָבַד (‘Serving the Lord’).” Bibleword. https://www.biblword.net/biblical-vocabulary-serving-the-lord/. 
Bokser, Ben Zion. “Moses Maimonides: Jewish philosopher, Scholar, and Physician.” https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Maimonides. 
Broadman Bible Commentary, 12 vols. Ed. Clifton Allen. Nashville: Broadman, 1971. 
Brook, Dan. Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020. 
Butler, Rhett A. “Brazil’s Forests.” Mongabay.com. 2020. https://rainforests.mongabay.com/brazil/. 
Buttrick, George Arthur, ed. and trans. The Interpreter’s Bible. 12 vols. NY: Abingdon, 1956. 
Capps, Ashley. “Eggs: What Are You Really Eating?” Free from Harm. Feb. 12, 2014. https://freefromharm.org/eggs-what-are-you-really-eating/. 
Cassuto, David N. “The CAFO Hothouse: Climate Change, Industrial Agriculture, and the Law.” Animals and Society Institute Policy Paper, 2010. 
Cohen, Jamie. “Fish Feel: Your Page.” Fish Feel. https://fishfeel.org/jamie-cohen/. 
Cohen, Reverend A. The Teaching of Maimonides. NY: Bloch Publishing Co., 1927. 
Cohn-Sherbok, Dan. “Hope for the Animal Kingdom.” A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics. Ed. Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton. NY: Columbia U. Press, 2006. 
“Coronary Artery Bypass.” Texas Heart Institute. https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/coronary-artery-bypass/. Also “Coronary artery bypass grafting.” HonorHealth. https://www.honorhealth.com/medical-services/cardiac-care/treatment-options/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting. And Hargrave, Lauren. “The Costs of Bypass Surgery.” March 26, 2019. https://livelyme.com/blog/the-costs-of-bypass-surgery/. 
“Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.” HonorHealth. https://www.honorhealth.com/medical-services/cardiac-care/treatment-options/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting. 
“Corruption.” Marriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/corruption 
Davis, Karen. Gentleman Jules, My Story of Jules and His Loving Soul.” United Poultry Concerns: Holiday Greetings from United Poultry Concerns. Dec. 2017. https://www.upc-online.org/holiday/17/.
---. “Muffie & Her Friends Remembered with Love & Lessons Learned.” Poultry Press. Spring 2019. https://www.upc-online.org/pp/spring2019/muffie_and_her_friends_remembered_with_love_and_lessons_learned.html.
---. “The Social Life of Chickens.” United Poultry Concerns. Aug. 2008. https://www.upc-online.org/thinking/social_life_of_chickens.html.
---.  “United Poultry Concerns’ Campaign to End Chicken Kaporos.” March 19, 2013. United Poultry Concerns. https://www.endchickensaskaporos.com/museum.html. 
DeWitt, Calvin. “The Three Big Questions.” Worldviews, Religion, and the Environment: A Global Anthology, Ed. Richard C. Foltz. Belmont: Wadsworth, 2003: 349-355. 
Deych, Rina. “Draw the Line at an Unholy Ritual” in “Readers Sound Off on Animal Cruelty, the Supreme Court and Looming Evictions.” New York Daily News: Voice of the People. Sept. 23, 2020. https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-letter-sept-23-20200923-wrhkyo3oezdxboida7o2u7pph4-story.html. 
“Draw the Line at an Unholy Ritual.” New York Daily News: Voice of the People. Sep. 23, 2020. https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-letter-sept-23-20200923-wrhkyo3oezdxboida7o2u7pph4-story.html.
“E. Coli.” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/e-coli/symptoms-causes/syc-20372058. 
“Eating Meat Causes Climate Change.” PETA: Lambs: petalambs. https://www.petalambs.com/why-vegan-how/meat-and-the-environment/. 
Eisnitz, Gail. Slaughterhouse: The Shocking Story of Greed, Neglect, and Inhumane Treatment Inside the U.S. Meat Industry. New York: Prometheus, 1997.
“Faith: Books.” British Library. https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/sacred/wfabooks.html.
Fields, Lisa. Medically Reviewed by Michael W. Smith, MD. “6 Ways Pets Can Improve Your Health.” Oct. 24, 2013. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/features/6-ways-pets-improve-your-health. 
“First Complete Mishnah.” British Library. https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/first-complete-mishnah#. 
Friedberg, Lionel Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.
Ganzfried, Rabbi Solomon. Code of Jewish Law, “Book 4, ch 191.” NY: Hebrew Publishing Co., 1961. 
Ginzburg, Omer. “How Did We Make Israel the First Country in the World to Ban the Fur Trade?” Animals Now. n.d. https://animals-now.org/israel-the-first-to-ban-the-fur-trade-en.
Gompertz, Lewis. “England: early 19th Century: Lewis Gompertz (1779-1865).” International Vegetarian Union. https://ivu.org/history/england19a/gompertz.html. 
---. Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes. From “Lewis Gompertz Quotes.” LibQuotes. https://libquotes.com/lewis-gompertz. 
“Gompertz, Lewis.” JewishEncyclopedia. https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6798-gompertz-lewis.
Goren, Shlomo quoted at United Poultry Concerns. “Kaparos.” https://www.upc-online.org/kaparos/. 
Griffiths, Richard. The Human Use of Animals. Cambridge: Grove, 1982. 
Hargrave, Lauren. “The Costs of Bypass Surgery.” March 26, 2019. https://livelyme.com/blog/the-costs-of-bypass-surgery/.
“Having A Dog Can Help Your Heart—Literally.” Sept. 1, 2015. Harvard.edu: Staying Healthy. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/having-a-dog-can-help-your-heart--literally. 
Hendel, Ronald, Norma Dabby, and Sam Dabby. “Was the Snake in the Garden of Eden Satan?” Sept. 9, 2012. Updated 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/was-the-snake-in-the-garden-of-eden-satan_b_1900973. 
Henry, Matthew. “Commentary on Job 5.” Blue Letter Bible. https://www.blueletterbible.org/Comm/mhc/Job/Job_005.cfm.
Hertz, J. H. “The Penateuch and Haftorahs.” The Trees’ Birthday. Ed. Ellen Bernstein. Philadelphia: Turtle River, 1988. 
Hiebert, Theodore. “The Human Vocation: Origins and Transformations in Christian Traditions,” Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans. Ed Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000. 135-54. 
Hirsch, Rabbi Samson Rafael. “Letter 4.” Nineteen Letters (Elias edition). NY: Feldheim, 1969. Taken from Schwartz, Richard H. Judaism and Vegetarianism. NY: Lantern, 2001. 16. 
“History of the RSPCA.” Animal Legal and Historical Center. https://www.animallaw.info/article/history-rspca.
Hoff, Christina. “Kant’s Invidious Humanism.” Environmental Ethics 5 (1983): 63–67.
Horeb, v. 2 (72: 482). Trans. Grunfeld Dayan. Ondond: Soncino, 1962. 
“Interview with Jewish Animal Welfare Expert Rabbi Shmuly Yanklowitz.” Jewish Food Hero. https://jewishfoodhero.com/interview-rabbi-shmuly-yanklowitz/. 
“Israeli Health System Prepares for Snake Season by Getting Antidotes: The Height of Snake Season is Usually in The Month of May According to Health Ministry Estimates.” Jerusalem Post: Israel News. April 29, 2021. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/israeli-health-system-prepares-for-snake-season-by-getting-antidotes-666741. 
Iyer, Sangamithra. “Soiled Hands.” Primate People. Ed. Lisa Kemmerer. University of Utah Press, 2012.  158-64. 159-60.
Jacobs, Jill (rabbi). “Pirkei Avot: Ethics of Our Fathers.” My Jewish Learning: Talmud. https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/pirkei-avot-ethics-of-our-fathers/. 
“Jewish Values on Climate Change & Energy.” ReformJudaism.org. https://rac.org/jewish-values-climate-change-energy.
Jones, pattrice. “Intersectionality.” Vine Sanctuary. https://vinesanctuary.org/intersections
Judah heHasid (Rabbi) in Animal Life in Jewish Tradition: Attitudes and Relationships. Elijah Judah Schochet. NY: KTAV Publishing, 1984. 
“Judah ha-Nasi: Jewish scholar” Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Judah-ha-Nasi
Kalechofsky, Roberta. “Hierarchy, Kinship, and Responsibility.” A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics. Ed. Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton. NY: Columbia U. Press, 2006. 91-99. 
Kant, Immanuel. “Lectures on Ethics.” http://faculty.smu.edu/jkazez/animal%20rights/IMMANUEL%20KANT.htm.
“Kapparos.” Shamayim: Campaigns https://shamayim.us/kapparos/.
“Kaparot Ceremony.” Chabad.org. http://www.chabad.org/holidays/JewishNewYear/template_cdo/aid/989585/jewish/Kaparot.ht.
Keisar, Asa (Rabbi) quoting Reuven Rivlin, in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020. 
Kemmerer, Lisa. Animals and World Religions. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012. 
---. Eating Earth: Environmental Ethics and Dietary Choice. Oxford: Oxford U. Press, 2014. 
---. Updated and revised from “Sexism is Speciesism.” Unbounded Project. https://unboundproject.org/author/joanne/. 
Kemmerer, Lisa and Bethany Dopp. “A Fishy Business.” Animals and Environment: Advocacy, Activism, and the Quest for Common Ground. Ed. Lisa Kemmerer. Routledge, 2015. 164-68. 
“Kidney Stone Signs and Symptoms.” WebMD. June 27, 2020. https://www.webmd.com/kidney-stones/understanding-kidney-stones-symptoms.
Klaper, Michael at “Choose Life Over Death, Kindness Over Killing.” Vegan Peace Initiative. n.d. https://veganpeace.com/veganism/compassion.htm.
Kneller, Sam. “Soul, Nephesh in Biblical Hebrew. Here’s the Definition.” The Explanation. March 4, 2020. https://medium.com/the-explanation/soul-nephesh-in-biblical-hebrew-heres-the-definition-b0ce0e6bdd08. 
Kreutz, Liz. “The State of The Ocean Is in Peril': Inside Bay Area's Marine Mammal Center Working to Help Stranded, Starving Sea Animals.” ABC 7: News: Marine Mammal Center. Sept. 2, 2019. https://abc7news.com/the-marine-mammal-center-bay-area-sausalito-nonprofit/5508656/. Also, see:
Kristof, Nicholas. “Our Water-Guzzling Food Factory.” The New York Times. May 30, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/nicholas-kristof-our-water-guzzling-food-factory.html.
Landau, Yechezkel in Judaism and Vegetarianism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern, 2001. 
“Lewis Gompertz - Jewish 'vegan' and co-founder of the RSPCA in 1824.” International Vegetarian Union. https://ivu.org/index.php/blogs/john-davis/123-lewis-gompertz-jewish-vegan-and-co-founder-of-the-rspca-in-1824. 
Li, Wanyee. “Global Overfishing Is Starving Penguins and Other Seabirds, Says B.C. Study.” Toronto Star: Vancouver. Dec. 6, 2018. https://www.thestar.com/vancouver/2018/12/06/global-overfishing-is-starving-penguins-and-other-seabirds-says-bc-study.html. 
Lopes Cardozo, Nathan. Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.  
New Revised Standard Version of the Hebrew Bible accessed at https://www.bible.com/bible/2016/GEN.1.NRSV.
Lucas John Mix. The Breath of Life: Nephesh in Hebrew Scriptures. Life Concepts from Aristotle to Darwin. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 79-90. 
Maguire, Daniel C. “Population, Consumption, Ecology: The Triple Problematic.” In Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans, edited by Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge, MA: Harvard U. P., 2000. 403–27.
McCartney, Paul. Fish Feel: Your Page.” https://fishfeel.org/Sir-Paul-McCartney/. 
“Meet Miri and Gili.” Freedom Farm Sanctuary: Rescued Animals.  https://www.freedom-farm.org.il/en/meet-miri-gili/.  
Melly, Ludovi, Gianluca Torregrossa, Timothy Lee, Jean-Luc Jansens, and John D. Puskas. “Fifty Years of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.” Journal of Thoracic Disease 10.3 (2018): pages 1960-1967.
Mindel, Nissan. “Rabbi Judah the Prince.” Chabad.org. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/112279/jewish/Rabbi-Judah-the-Prince.htm.
“Mission and Purpose.” Save the Snakes: Purpose. https://savethesnakes.org/purpose/. 
Moss, Donny. “Kaporos, Largest Live Animal Wet Market in the United States, Opens Ahead of Yom Kippur.” Sept. 19, 2020. https://theirturn.net/2020/09/19/kaporos-wet-markets-yom-kippur/. 
Natelson, Nina in Animals and World Religions. Lisa Kemmerer. Oxford, 2012. 203-04.
---. Personal Email. June 2021.
---. in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.
“Necessary.” Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/necessary.
Newkirk, Ingrid. “Slowing Down Slaughter Speeds is a Step Forward, but we can do far Better.” Daily World. June 9, 2021. https://www.thedailyworld.com/opinion/commentary-slowing-down-slaughter-speeds-is-a-step-forward-but-we-can-do-far-better/. 
“NOAA forecasts summer ‘dead zone’ of nearly 5.4K square miles in Gulf of Mexico: Low oxygen in water often leads to conditions where life cannot be sustained.” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 2, 2022. https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaa-forecasts-summer-dead-zone-of-nearly-54k-square-miles-in-gulf-of-mexico
“Ophite: Gnostic Sects.” Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ophites. 
Oppenlander, Richard A. Comfortably Unaware: Global Depletion and Food Responsibility . . . What You Choose to Eat Is Killing our Planet. Minneapolis: Langdon Street, 2011. 12.
“PETA Is Helping Donkeys, Thanks to You.” PETAPrime. Dec. 16, 2020. https://prime.peta.org/2020/12/peta-is-helping-donkeys-thanks-to-you/. 
Petruzzello, Melissa. “Animals We Ate into Extinction.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/list/6-animals-we-ate-into-extinction. 
Phoenix, Joaquin at “Fish Feel: Your Page.” Fish Feel. https://fishfeel.org/joaquin-phoenix/. 
“Rabbi Abraham Isaac HaKohen Kook.” Rav Kook Torah. http://www.ravkooktorah.org/. 
Rasimus, Tuomas. “Ophite Gnosticism, Sethianism, and the Nag Hammadi Library.” Vigiliae Christianae 59.3, Aug. 2005: 235-263. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1584571; “Ophite: Gnostic Sects.” Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ophites. 
Ratzabi, Hila. “Sages and Scholars: Who Was Rashi?” My Jewish Learning. https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/who-was-rashi/. 
Regenstein, Lewis. “Commandments of Compassion Toward Animals.” Atlanta Jewish Times. June 7, 2017. https://atlantajewishtimes.timesofisrael.com/writers/lewis-regenstein/ 
---. Lewis. Replenish the Earth. NY: Crossroad, 1991. 
---. Lewis in Vegan Revolution. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.
Rosen, David quoted in Rabbis and Vegetarianism. Ed. Roberta Kalechofsky. Marblehead, Massachusetts: Micah Publications, 1995. 53-60.
---. “Kashrut and Animal Production: Rabbi David Rosen.” JewishEcoSeminars. https://www.jewishecoseminars.com/kashrut-and-animal-production-rabbi-david-rosen/.
Saperstein, Rabbi David. “The Moral Case for Saving Species: Thirteen Prominent Thinkers Explain Why Society Should Give High Priority to the Purpose of the Endangered Species Act.” Defenders. Summer 1998. 
Sauven, John. “Why Meat-Eaters should Think Much More about Soil.” The Guardian. May 16, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/16/meat-eaters-soil-degradation-over-grazing. 
Schochet, Elijah Judah. Animal Life in Jewish Tradition: Attitudes and Relationships. NY: KTAV Publishing, 1984. 
Schwartz, Richard. “A Vegan View of the Biblical Animal Sacrifices.” The Times of Israel. March 8, 2022. https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-vegan-view-of-the-biblical-animal-sacrifices/
---. “An Overlooked Mitzva: ‘Tsa’ar ba’alei chaim’.” The Jerusalem Post: Opinion: Op-Ed. Aug. 2012.
---. “The Custom of Kapparot.” https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-custom-of-kapparot-in-the-jewish-tradition. Also, “The Kaparot Ceremony.” Chabad.org. http://www.chabad.org/holidays/JewishNewYear/template_cdo/aid/989585/jewish/Kaparot.ht.
---. Judaism and Vegetarianism. NY: Lantern, 2001. 
---. Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020. 
Sears, David (Rabbi). The Vision of Eden: Animal Welfare and Vegetarianism in Jewish Law and Mysticism, 2nd edition. Createspace Publishing, 2014. 
“Shalom Begins on Your Plate.” Jewish Veg: Homepage. https://jewishveg.org/ 
Shanee, Noga of the Israeli Primate Sanctuary Foundation. Private e-mail.
“Shayne.” Lucy’s UK Donkey Foundation: Donkey Gallery. https://www.lucysdonkeyfoundation.org.uk/donkey-gallery?lightbox=dataItem-kdgcqkni. 
Shemesh, Yael. Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.
Shemos Rabbah 2:2. https://www.sefaria.org/Shemot_Rabbah.2.2?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en.
“The Shma.” My Jewish Learning. https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-shema/.
Siegel, Kassie and Brendan Cummings. “Polar Bears: Watching Extinction in Real Time.” Bear Necessities. Ed. Lisa Kemmerer. Leiden: Brill, 2015. 53.
Singer, Isaac Bashevis in Animal Life in Jewish Tradition: Attitudes and Relationships. Elijah Judah Schochet. NY: KTAV Publishing, 1984. 
“Slaughterhouse Workers.” Food Empowerment Project: The Issues. https://foodispower.org/human-labor-slavery/slaughterhouse-workers/. 
“Sources of Eutrophication.” World Resource Institute. https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/eutrophication-and-hypoxia/sources-eutrophication. 
“Soybeans in Brazil.” Observatory of Economic Complexity. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/soybeans/reporter/bra.
Spitz Cohan, Jeffrey in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.
Stanley, Morgan. “Dead Zone.” National Geographic. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/dead-zone. Also “NOAA forecasts summer ‘dead zone’ of nearly 5.4K square miles in Gulf of Mexico: Low oxygen in water often leads to conditions where life cannot be sustained.” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 2, 2022. https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaa-forecasts-summer-dead-zone-of-nearly-54k-square-miles-in-gulf-of-mexico
Steinfeld, Henning, Pierre Gerber, Tom Wassenaar, Vincent Castel, Mauricio Rosales, and Cees de Haan. Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006. 
Strathdee, Jessica. Mothers Against Dairy. https://mothersagainstdairy.org/dairy-farming-mother/.
“Subdue.” Ancient Hebrew Research Center. https://www.ancient-hebrew.org/definition/subdue.html. 
“Swine Production and Management Home Study Course: Breeding Management.” Penn State Extension.  https://extension.psu.edu/programs/courses/swine/reproduction/breeding-management.
“The Top 10 Causes of Death.” World Health Organization. Dec. 9, 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death. 
“Theories of the Origin of Sacrifice.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/sacrifice-religion/Theories-of-the-origin-of-sacrifice. 
“This List Will Change How You Feel About Snakes.” People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals: Animals are not Ours. https://www.peta.org/features/list-will-change-feel-snakes/. 
“Try Vegan.” Shamayim: Programs. https://shamayim.us/#!/page/try-vegan
“Tza'ar ba'alei Chayim.” Jewish English Lexicon. https://jel.jewish-languages.org/words/1858. 
“U.S. Eats 5 Times More than India Per Capita.” May 4, 2008. Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3008449.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst. 
“Understanding Coronary Artery Disease and How to Prevent It.” Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/high-cholesterol/preventing-CAD#lifestyle-adjustments. 
“Violence.” Marriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/violence. 
Vischer, Lukas and Charles Birch. Living With the Animals. Geneva: WCC, 1997. 
Walker, Mark. “How Much Food Storage For 1 Year.” Build a Stash. Updated June 10, 2022. https://www.buildastash.com/post/how-much-food-storage-for-1-year
Wasley, Andrew, Christopher Cook, and Natalie Jones. “Two Amputations a Week: The Cost of Working in a US Meat Plant.” The Guardian. July 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/05/amputations-serious-injuries-us-meat-industry-plant. 
“What Does Genesis 8:21 Mean?” BibleRef. https://www.bibleref.com/Genesis/8/Genesis-8-21.html. 
“What Happens to Animal Waste?” FoodPrint. https://foodprint.org/issues/what-happens-to-animal-waste/. 
“What We Do.” Jewish Veg: About. https://www.jewishveg.org/about. 
“What is Scurvy?: What are the Symptoms of Scurvy?” Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/scurvy. 
“What is the Talmud?” My Jewish Learning. https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/talmud-101/
“Why People Get Kidney Stones.” Health U: Hackensack Meridian Health https://www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org/HealthU/2020/09/09/why-people-get-kidney-stones/
“Why Snakes?” Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/s/why-snakes/#more-3182.
Wink, Walter. Engaging the Powers: Discernment and Resistance in a World of Domination. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1992. 
Winter, Adi. from her Facebook page. Provided by Yossi Wolfson, co-founder of Animals Now, in a personal e-mail.
Wittenberg, Jonathan. “Foreword by Rabbi Jonathan Wittenberg.” WorldJewishRelief.org. https://www.worldjewishrelief.org/the-climate-crisis-a-humanitarian-and-a-jewish-issue/
Wolfson Yossi. Personal Email. May 2021.
---. in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.  
“World's most Endangered Snakes.” The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species (the most comprehensive information source on global extinction risk status). https://rainforests.mongabay.com/endangered/charts/reptiles-snakes.html. 
Wozniacka, Gosia. “The Greenhouse Gas No One’s Talking About: Nitrous Oxide on Farms, Explained.” Civil Eats. Sept. 2019. https://civileats.com/2019/09/19/the-greenhouse-gas-no-ones-talking-about-nitrous-oxide-on-farms-explained/. 
Yanklowitz, Shmuly (Rabbi). “Why This Rabbi Is Swearing Off Kosher Meat: The Reality of Industrial Slaughter is too far Removed from Traditional Jewish Ethical Values.” May 29, 2014. The Wall Street Journal: Opinion.

Photo Credits 

Most images on this website are from We Animals Media (Jo-Anne McArthur), https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/ found here https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/. Other sources for the Judaism pages are listed below in the order they appear.

Chapter 1, Introduction

  1. Three friends relaxing at Freedom Farm. Danielle Meiri. “Animal Advocacy & Sanctuaries: Israel: Middle East: Freedom Farm Sanctuary.” Pacific Roots Magazine. Sept. 4, 2019. http://pacificrootsmagazine.com/freedom-farm-sanctuary/.  

  2. “Anymal.” Image courtesy of lisa kemmerer, lisakemmerer.com.

  3. Frame from “Extra Fresh.” Abigail Klein Leichman. “Why Israelis are Leading the Vegan Revolution.” October 22, 2020. Israel21c. https://www.israel21c.org/why-israelis-are-leading-the-vegan-revolution/.   

Chapter 2, Anymals

  1. Rescued sheep greets a volunteer. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  2. Sheep and turkey sharing company at Freedom Farm. Freedom Farm Sanctuary Facebook Page. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1456777431167107.

  3. One chick is enough to keep hope alive. “Daniel,” Adi Winter, Yossi Wolfson, and Animals Now. Personal Email. Dec. 2021.

  4. Malish (two photos). Noga Shanee of the Israeli Primate Sanctuary Foundation.  Private e-mail. 

  5. Bottle feeding an ailing piglet. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  6. Holocaust survivor Isaac Bashevis Singer. Louis Monier/Gamma-Rapho and Getty Images. https://www.loa.org/writers/111-isaac-bashevis-singer.  

  7. Billy at Freedom Farm (two images). Freedom Farm Sanctuary. “Hi  I’m Billy.” https://www.freedom-farm.org.il/en/billys-story/. 

  8. Gili and Miri at Freedom Farm. Nir Elias/Reuters and Yahoo.com: News. “Photos: Disabled animals given new lease of life at Israeli sanctuary.” March 13, 2019. https://news.yahoo.com/photos-disabled-animals-given-new-lease-of-life-at-israeli-sanctuary-154707911.html

  9. The preserved body of a passenger pigeon. The Smithsonian Museum. https://www.si.edu/object/ectopistes-migratorius:nmnhvz_4264779

  10. Hieronymous Bosch, “Garden of Earthly Delights,” circa 1500 AD. Wikkipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights.  

  11. Yael and his friend greet a visitor. Nir Elias/Reuters and Yahoo.com: News. “Photos: Disabled animals given new lease of life at Israeli sanctuary.” March 13, 2019. https://news.yahoo.com/photos-disabled-animals-given-new-lease-of-life-at-israeli-sanctuary-154707911.html

  12. Elk along the TransCanada Highway. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  13. Sangamithra Iyer, Emma, Gwen, and Niete (two images). Sangamithra Iyer. Personal email. July 2021. 

  14. Yossi Wolfson protesting. Yossi Wolfson. Personal Email. April. 2021.

  15. Relaxing at Freedom Farm. Freedom Farm Sanctuary. Pacific Roots Magazine. “Animal Advocacy & Sanctuaries: Israel: Middle East: Freedom Farm Sanctuary.” Sept. 4, 2019. http://pacificrootsmagazine.com/freedom-farm-sanctuary.  

  16. Tending to the needs of a resident at Freedom Farm. Nir Elias/Reuters and Pacific Roots Magazine. “Photos: Disabled animals given new lease of life at Israeli sanctuary.” March 13, 2019. https://news.yahoo.com/photos-disabled-animals-given-new-lease-of-life-at-israeli-sanctuary-154707911.html 

  17. Two babies meet. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  18. Adoptive parent with a Beagle from the Freedom Project. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  19. Snuggle time at Freedom Farm. Freedom Farm Sanctuary. “Animal Advocacy & Sanctuaries: Israel: Middle East: Freedom Farm Sanctuary.” Pacific Roots Magazine. Sept. 4, 2019. http://pacificrootsmagazine.com/freedom-farm-sanctuary/.  

Chapter 3, Diet

  1. Taryn Elliott and SportsKeeda. “Is Hummus Good for You? What You Need to Know.” Sneha Santuka. https://www.sportskeeda.com/health-and-fitness/is-hummus-good-you-what-you-need-know

  2. Adi Or and Israel Forever Foundation: Cooking Israel. “From Tel Aviv to Your Table: Top 5 Israel-inspired Vegan Dishes.” https://israelforever.org/israel/cooking/from-tel-aviv-to-your-table-top-5-israel-inspired-vegan-dishes/.  

  3. Kathryn King and United Poultry Concerns, “Peeper: A Story of Unending Love.” Poultry Press.  United Poultry Concerns. Winter 2012. https://www.upc-online.org/pp/winter2012/peeper.html.

  4. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  5. Tal Gilboa/Instagram and LiveKindly. “A Vegan Is Now in Charge of Israel’s Animal Welfare Policies.” https://www.livekindly.co/vegan-now-charge-israels-animal-welfare-policies/

  6. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  7. “The Gathering of the Manna.” (circa 1896-1902) James Tissot.  The Jewish Museum. https://thejewishmuseum.org/collection/26365-the-gathering-of-the-manna.

  8. Nir Elias/Reuters and Pacific Roots Magazine. “Animal Advocacy and Sanctuaries; Israel: Middle East: Freedom Farm Sanctuary.” Pacific Roots Magazine. Sept. 4, 2019. http://pacificrootsmagazine.com/freedom-farm-sanctuary/.

  9. Freedom Farm Facebook page. https://www.facebook.com/FreedomFarmIsrael/photos/1540117132833136

  10. Freedom Farm Facebook page. https://www.facebook.com/FreedomFarmIsrael/photos/1588396681338514.  

  11. Grain Offering.  “ Leviticus 2:1-16 (The Grain Offering).” YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmK-Lu9-fx4

  12. Kissing a ram at Freedom Farm. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1982335525277959 

  13. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  14. Freedom Farm Facebook Page. https://www.facebook.com/FreedomFarmIsrael/photos/pb.100071258453126.-2207520000./2046480102196834/?type=3

  15. George Altshuler. “Jews take part in growth of local vegan scene.” Washington Jewish Week. Sept. 28, 2016. https://www.washingtonjewishweek.com/jews-take-part-in-growth-of-local-vegan-scene/

  16. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  17. YeahThat’sKosher. “Two New Kosher Vegan Restaurants in Center City Philly.”  Jan. 29, 2020. https://yeahthatskosher.com/2020/01/two-new-kosher-vegan-restaurants-in-center-city-philly/.

Chapter 4, Stories

  1. A bright green tree python. Save the Snakes. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fsavethesnakes%2Fstatus%2F1102193113571835905&psig=AOvVaw1fV7cE-dYyhyVjHY_OwGoY&ust=1631199934146000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAkQjRxqFwoTCNi8xMjT7_ICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAb.  

  2. Choti Singh of Save the Snakes, with a lively wolf snake. Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/.  

  3. Lucas Cranach the Elder, “Adam and Eve,” circa 1520-25. Wikimedia Commons. https://useum.org/artwork/Untitled-Lucas-Cranach-the-Elder-2

  4. Hiral Naik of Save the Snakes, deftly moves a puff adder to safety. Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/. 

  5. Rembrandt Van Rijn, “The Fall of Man” (ca 1510). First Art Gallery. https://www.1st-art-gallery.com/Rembrandt-Van-Rijn/The-Fall-Of-Man.html

  6. Choti Singh of Save the Snakes, gently and carefully relocates a prairie rattlesnake who is trapped in a building. Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/. 

  7. Kelly Donithan, Ph.D. of Save the Snakes, holding a lovely Amazon whipsnake. Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/.

  8. Dr. Patrick Kinyata Malonza gently holding a . Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/.

  9. Bush Viper. Save the Snakes.  https://savethesnakes.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/snakebite-women-champions.png.

  10. Ilana and Shay, mother and son, at Freedom Farm Sanctuary in Moshav Olesh, Israel. Freedom Farm https://www.facebook.com/FreedomFarmIsrael/photos/1795000897344757. 

  11. Donkeys are still exploited for labor in many nations, including Israel. Iva Rajović and Unsplash. 2019. https://unsplash.com/photos/MG36o6sEIpU. 

  12. Vegan anymal activist Tal Gilboa kissing a rescued donkey. Tal Gilboa. “Vegan Activist Appointed as Animal Rights Advisor to Israeli Prime Minister.” Plant Based News. June 18, 2019. Updated Sept. 28, 2020. https://plantbasednews.org/culture/vegan-activist-animal-advisor-israeli-prime-minister/.

  13. Segev, a rescued donkey at Keren Or Sanctuary in Israel.  We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/  

  14. A wide-eyed calf suckles on an artificial teat protruding from a feeding bucket on a dairy farm in Czechia. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/

  15. Jimmy Stuart and family with a calf. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/

  16. Weasels peek out of a hole in a tree. Jan Stýblo and Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/4YcsFOuiB4Q. 

  17. Paul McCartney, proud vegan. Llosa, Emilio. “Vegetarian & Vegan Spotlight: Paul McCartney.”  She Magazine: Features: Food. Dec. 3, 2018. http://shemagazine.ca/food/steal-style-micheal-buble/. 

  18. Beautiful ball python. Save the Snakes. https://twitter.com/savethesnakes/status/1102193113571835905.  

  19. Visitor sharing time with donkeys at Godavari Donkey Sanctuary outside of Kathmandu. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/

  20. Staci with a cat at the vegan Freedom Farm Sanctuary in Moshav Olesh, Israel. “The Story of Staci.” Freedom Farm website: https://www.freedom-farm.org.il/en/the-story-of-staci/.


Chapter 5, Disquietudes

  1. Hen and girl. Freedom Farm Facebook Page. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=845268848984638

  2. Free ranging, independent Macaque with baby. Macaque with baby in a research breeding facility. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

  3. “Creation: Day 6,” Joanne Yocheved Heiligman 2008. Jewish Art Quilts. https://jewishartquilts.com/creation-day-6/

  4. God reminds Job of the creatures created. William Blake, 19th century. Detail of Behemoth and Leviathan (Plate 15). Open Culture. https://www.openculture.com/2016/09/william-blakes-masterpiece-illustrations-of-the-book-of-job-1793-1827.html

  5. Michelangelo. “Creation of Adam” (1508-1512, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Rome, Vatican). Wikiart. https://www.wikiart.org/en/michelangelo/the-creation-of-adam-1512

  6. “Muffie and Fluffie.” Holly Wills and United Poultry Concerns. https://www.upc-online.org/pp/spring2019/muffie_and_her_friends_remembered_with_love_and_lessons_learned.html.

  7. “Gentleman Jules” Karen Davis. United Poultry Concerns. https://www.upc-online.org/holiday/17/.

  8. Rescued hen. Freedom Farm Facebook Page. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1758267641018083.

  9. Karen Davis at United Poultry Concerns with Nicholas & Nathaniel. United Poultry Concerns. https://www.upc-online.org/holiday/17/.  

  10. Linde, Steve. “Feeding Israel’s hungry.” Volunteers picking vegetables with Leket Israel. Jerusalem Post. March 30, 2019. https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/feeding-israels-hungry-584853. 

  11. Jewish Veg teaching alternatives. Jewish Veg. https://jewishveg.org/kaporos/.

  12. Gently stroking a hen at Freedom Farm. Freedom Farm Facebook Page. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=845268848984638

  13. A rooster rescued from slaughter. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/


Chapter 6, Activism

  1. Shamayim: Jewish Animal Advocacy. https://shamayim.us/

  2. Animals Now activists taking a photo break. Animals Now. https://animals-now.org/en/2019-recap/.

  3. In Tel Aviv, protesting against live animal imports. Surkes, Sue. “Stop Shipments of Live Animals to Israel for Slaughter.” Times of Israel. Jan. 31, 2017. https://www.timesofisrael.com/stop-shipments-of-live-animals-to-israel-for-slaughter-protesters-urge-court/

  4. Yossi Wolfson inspecting conditions in a pig farm in Northern Israel. Sent by Yossi via personal email. April. 2021.

  5. Child kissing a pig at Freedom Farm. Freedom Farm Facebook Page.  https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1877056195805893

  6. Jeremiah harnessed himself to a yoke. Heart of a Shepherd. https://heartofashepherd.com/2022/04/20/yokes-and-ropes-no-nation-is-too-big-to-fail-jeremiah-27/

  7. Pig and dog playing together at Freedom Farm. Freedom Farm. Freedom Farm Facebook Page.  https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1569158846595631

  8. An activist protesting Kaporos. The Jewish Star.  https://www.thejewishstar.com/stories/crying-fouloverkaporos,2011?

  9. Horse, who might otherwise be exploited for labor, living at a sanctuary. We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

  10. “Lewis Gompertz - Jewish 'vegan' and co-founder of the RSPCA in 1824.” International Vegetarian Union. https://ivu.org/index.php/blogs/john-davis/123-lewis-gompertz-jewish-vegan-and-co-founder-of-the-rspca-in-1824.

  11. Richard Schwartz, photographer unknown. Sent by Richard Schwartz in a personal email. Feb. 2021.

  12. Jewish Veg. https://jewishveg.org/ 

  13. A mixed species Shamayim gathering. Shamayim website: “Retreat.” https://shamayim.us/#!/page/retreat 

  14. Jews and Arabs protesting in Haifa. Anonymous for Animal Rights/Animals Now. Frazin, Rachel. “How Israel Became the Global Center of Veganism.” The Tower. Sept. 2016. http://www.thetower.org/article/how-israel-became-the-global-center-of-veganism/.