References — Animals and Religion

Christianity 5.8, References and Photo Credits

References

“’Abad.” Bible Study Tools. Bibleword. https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/hebrew/nas/abad.html.

Abingdon Bible Commentary. Ed. Frederick Carl Eiselen, Lewis Edwin, and David G. Downey. New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury, 1929.

“About.” Catholic Concern for Animals. https://catholic-animals.com/about/.

“About Us.” Creation Care Church, https://creationcarechurch.org/about/

Adam, Margaret B. “Sarx Creature Conference Talk: Why should Christians Care about Animals?” March 2017. https://www.becreaturekind.org/publications.

Alexis, Nekeisha Alayna. “Convincing Christians on the Work of Animal Liberation in the Name of Jesus.” Animal Liberation Currents. April 3, 2017. https://animalliberationcurrents.com/convincing-christians/.

“Angela’s Story.” Freedom Farm Sanctuary: Rescued Animals. https://www.freedom-farm.org.il/en/angelas-story/.

Anonymous Anymal Rights Activist. “Testimonials.” Creation Care Church. https://creationcarechurch.org/testimonials/

Animals Now: About Us. https://animals-now.org/en/about/.

“A Nonviolent Reading of The Letter to the Hebrews and The Revelation of John.” Christian Vegetarian Association. https://christianveg.org/nonviolent-reading.htm

Aquinas, Thomas. “Whether there is a Vice Opposed to Anger Resulting from Lack of Anger?” Summa Theologica. E-Catholic 2000. https://www.ecatholic2000.com/aquinas/untitled-413.shtml#_Toc378196811.

“At the Root of Christianity is the Compassion of Vegetarianism.” God’s Direct Contact. http://www.godsdirectcontact.org/eng/news/177/vg_62.htm.

“A Vegan Diet Is the Kingdom Diet.” PETA: Lambs: petalambs. https://www.petalambs.com/why-vegan-how/for-animals/.

Baker, John Austin, “Service for Animal Welfare.” Animal Welfare through the Cross: A Collection of Animal Christian Concern Articles. Ed. Roslyne Louise Smith. Leeds: Gentle Lamb Publishing, 2012. 120-128.

--- “Speech.” Animal Welfare through the Cross: A Collection of Animal Christian Concern Articles. Ed. Roslyne Louise Smith. Leeds: Gentle Lamb Publishing, 2012. 35-46.

“Beit Midrash.” Yeshiva: The Torah World Gateway: Jewish Laws and thoughts: Plants and Animals. https://www.yeshiva.co/midrash/31828.

Berman, Louis. Vegetarianism and the Jewish Tradition. NY: KTAV, 1982.

“‘Be Not Afraid’: Vegan Clergy Respond to Anti-vegan Sentiment Within the Church.” Sarx: For All God’s Creatures. https://sarx.org.uk/articles/christianity-and-animals/be-not-afraid/

“Biblical Vocabulary: עָבַד (‘To Serve).” Bibleword. https://www.biblword.net/biblical-vocabulary-serving-the-lord/.

Booth, Daryl, “Animal Welfare: Extending God's Love.” Evangelical Alliance: Together Making Jesus Known. Sept. 2019. https://www.eauk.org/news-and-views/animal-welfare-extending-gods-love.

Broadman Bible Commentary, 12 vols. Ed. Clifton Allen. Nashville: Broadman, 1971.

Braun, Nathan. “Preface: Nathan Braun.” Stephen R. Kaufman and Nathan Braun. Good News for All Creation: Vegetarianism as Christian Stewardship. Cleveland: Vegetarian Advocates, 2002. ix.

Brown, Raphael, Tr. The Little Flowers of St. Francis. NY: Image, 1958.

“But Didn’t Jesus Eat Meat?” Sarx: For All God’s Creatures. https://sarx.org.uk/articles/christianity-and-animals/but-didnt-jesus-eat-meat/

Butler, Rhett A. “Brazil’s Forests.” Mongabay.com. 2020. https://rainforests.mongabay.com/brazil/.

Cachila, J.B. “Why Did Jesus Eat Fish After His Resurrection?” Christianity Today. Feb. 6, 2018. https://www.christiantoday.com/article/why-did-jesus-eat-fish-after-his-resurrection/125112.htm

Capps, Ashley. “Eggs: What Are You Really Eating?” Free from Harm. Feb. 12, 2014. https://freefromharm.org/eggs-what-are-you-really-eating/.

Cardozo, Nathan Lopes in Schwartz, Richard. Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.

Carter, Christopher. The Spirit of Soul Food: Race, Faith and Food Justice. Urbana: U. of Illinois, 2022.

Cassuto, David N. “The CAFO Hothouse: Climate Change, Industrial Agriculture, and the Law.” Animals and Society Institute Policy Paper, 2010.

Catechism of the Catholic Church. Liguori, MO: Liguori, 1994. 2416.

“CCA Retreat.” Catholic Concern for Animals. https://catholic-animals.com/animal-welfare-retreat/

Clough, David. “Infographic: Faith Based Ways of Caring About Animals and How to Make a Difference.” CreatureKind: Resources: Resources to Help Raise Awareness in Your Faith Community. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56fd4f1d45bf21c39ace2f22/t/5ed97b319eea720ea5057e30/1591311156720/CreatureKind+Infographic.png.

---. On Animals Volume 1: Systematic Theology. London: Bloomsbury, 2019.

---. Quoted in “Scholars Explore Christian Perspectives on Animal Rights.” Mark Oppenheimer. The New York Times. Dec. 6, 2013. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/07/us/exploring-christian-perspectives-on-animal-rights.html.

Cobb, John B. Jr. “Christianity, Economics, and Ecology.” Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans. Ed. Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2000. 497-511.

Coffin, William Sloane. Credo. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.

---. “The Politics of Compassion: The Heart is a Little to the Left.” Harvard Divinity Bulletin. 28.2-3 (1999): 11-12.

Cohn-Sherbok, Dan. “Hope for the Animal Kingdom.” A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics. Ed. Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton. NY: Columbia U. Press, 2006. 81-90.

“Coronary Artery Bypass.” Texas Heart Institute. https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/coronary-artery-bypass/. Also “Coronary artery bypass grafting.” HonorHealth. https://www.honorhealth.com/medical-services/cardiac-care/treatment-options/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting. And Hargrave, Lauren. “The Costs of Bypass Surgery.” March 26, 2019. https://livelyme.com/blog/the-costs-of-bypass-surgery/.

“Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.” HonorHealth. https://www.honorhealth.com/medical-services/cardiac-care/treatment-options/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting.

“Coretta Scott King and the Legacy of Martin Luther King Jr.” Toronto Vegetarian Association. Feb. 1, 2006. https://veg.ca/2006/02/01/coretta-scott-king-dexter-scott-king-and-the-legacy-of-martin-luther-king-jr/.

“Corruption.” Marriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/corruption

Curtin, Deane. “Making Peace with the Earth: Indigenous Agriculture and the Green Revolution.” Environmental Ethics 17 (1995): 59-73.

Davis, Karen. “Gentleman Jules, My Story of Jules and His Loving Soul.” United Poultry Concerns: Holiday Greetings from United Poultry Concerns. Dec. 2017. https://www.upc-online.org/holiday/17/.

---. “Muffie & Her Friends Remembered with Love & Lessons Learned.” Poultry Press. Spring 2019. https://www.upc-online.org/pp/spring2019/muffie_and_her_friends_remembered_with_love_and_lessons_learned.html.

---. “The Social Life of Chickens.” United Poultry Concerns. Aug. 2008. https://www.upc-online.org/thinking/social_life_of_chickens.html.

---. “United Poultry Concerns’ Campaign to End Chicken Kaporos.” March 19, 2013. United Poultry Concerns. https://www.endchickensaskaporos.com/museum.html.

Deronda, Elliott. “Conclusion.” The Concept and Practice of Ethical Vegetarianism as Consistent with New Testament Themes. Thesis, Duke University, the Divinity School. For Degree of Master of Theological Studies. April 17, 1991.

DeWitt, Calvin. “The Three Big Questions.” Worldviews, Religion, and the Environment: A Global Anthology, Ed. Richard C. Foltz. Belmont: Wadsworth, 2003: 349-355.

de Voragine, Jacobus. The Golden Legend Readings on the Saints, vol. 2. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1993.

“‘Dialogue’ pg. 164 Chapter on Tears.” Dominican Sisters of Hope: Four Types of Love in the Tradition of Saint Catherine of Siena. April 29, 2016. https://ophope.org/spirituality/four-types-of-love-in-the-tradition-of-saint-catherine-of-siena/.

“Domestication Stance.” Christian Animal Rights Association. https://christiananimalrights.com/Domestication-Stance.

Douglas, Mary. Purity and Danger. Baltimore: Penguin, 1966.

“E. Coli.” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/e-coli/symptoms-causes/syc-20372058.

“Eating Meat Causes Climate Change.” PETA: Lambs: petalambs. https://www.petalambs.com/why-vegan-how/meat-and-the-environment/.

Eckhart, Meister. “The Nearness of the Kingdom.” Sermons (Meister Eckhart)/The Nearness of the Kingdom. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sermons_(Meister_Eckhart)/The_Nearness_of_the_Kingdom

Eisnitz, Gail. Slaughterhouse: The Shocking Story of Greed, Neglect, and Inhumane Treatment Inside the U.S. Meat Industry. New York: Prometheus, 1997.

Englebert, Omer. St. Francis of Assisi: A Biography. Ann Arbor: Servant, 1979.

Sampson, Philip J. “Evangelical Spirituality and Animal Ethics.” SARX. https://sarx.org.uk/articles/christianity-and-animals/evangelical-spirituality/

“Eucharist: Christianity.” Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eucharist.

“Faith: Books.” British Library. https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/sacred/wfabooks.html.

Fields, Lisa. Medically Reviewed by Michael W. Smith, MD. “6 Ways Pets Can Improve Your Health.” Oct. 24, 2013. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/features/6-ways-pets-improve-your-health.

Francis, Pope. “Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’ of the Holy Father Francis on Care for Our Common Home.” https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html.

---. “Pope Francis Quotes.” Jesuitresource.org. https://www.xavier.edu/jesuitresource/online-resources/quote-archive1/pope-francis.

---. “Quotes by Popes.” Jesuitresource.org. https://www.xavier.edu/jesuitresource/online-resources/quote-archive1/pope-quotes.

French, William C. “Against Biospherical Egalitarianism.” Environmental Ethics 17 (1995): 39-57.

---. “Ecological Security and Policies of Restraint.” Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans. Ed. Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2000. 473-491.

Friedberg, Lionel in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.

“Going Vegan Protects Vulnerable Humans.” PETA: Lambs: petalambs. https://www.petalambs.com/why-vegan-how/human-rights/.

Griffiths, Richard. The Human Use of Animals. Cambridge: Grove, 1982.

Gumbley, Walter. “Saints and Animals.” Catholic-Animals, The Ark: A Publication of Catholic Concern for Animals. “Selections from The Ark Number 196 - Spring 2004.” 23 Sept. 2008.

Gurwitz, Michael, “Michael Gurwitz” at “Fish Feel: Your Page.” Fish Feel. https://fishfeel.org/?s=Gurwitz

Guthrie, D. and J. A. Motyer, eds. The New Bible Commentary: Rev. Ed. Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1970.

Halley, John in Lisa Kemmerer. Animals and World Religions. Oxford, 2012.

Halteman, Matthew. “Compassionate Eating as Care of Creation.” Humane Society of the United States. 2010.

Hargrave, Lauren. “The Costs of Bypass Surgery.” March 26, 2019. https://livelyme.com/blog/the-costs-of-bypass-surgery/.

“Having A Dog Can Help Your Heart—Literally.” Sept. 1, 2015. Harvard.edu: Staying Healthy. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/having-a-dog-can-help-your-heart--literally.

Hendel, Ronald, Norma Dabby, and Sam Dabby. “Was the Snake in the Garden of Eden Satan?” Sept. 9, 2012. Updated 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/was-the-snake-in-the-garden-of-eden-satan_b_1900973.

Henry, Matthew. “Commentary on Job 5.” Blue Letter Bible. https://www.blueletterbible.org/Comm/mhc/Job/Job_005.cfm.

Hiebert, Theodore. “The Human Vocation: Origins and Transformations in Christian Traditions.” Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans. Ed. Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000. 135-54.

Hirsch, Rabbi Samson Rafael. “Letter 4.” Nineteen Letters (Elias edition). NY: Feldheim, 1969. Taken from Schwartz, Richard H. Judaism and Vegetarianism. NY: Lantern, 2001. 16.

Hobgood-Oster, Laura. “Holy Dogs and Asses: Stories Told through Animal Saints.” March 5, 2008. 15. https://www.academia.edu/1644989/Holy_Dogs_and_Asses_Stories_Told_through_Animal_Saints.

Hoff, Christina. “Kant’s Invidious Humanism.” Environmental Ethics 5 (1983): 63–67.

Hoffman, Frank. “Sermons Directory and Archive.”
Working for a Peaceful World for Humans, Animals and the Environment: Sermons Directory and Archive: Bible Based Sermon Offerings from All-Creatures.org. https://www.all-creatures.org/sermons.html.

Horeb, v. 2 (72: 482). Trans. Grunfeld Dayan. Ondond: Soncino, 1962.

“How Can Christians Live Mercifully?” Christian Animal Rights Association. https://christiananimalrights.com/Organizational-Theology.

“Human and Animal Exploitation: Rooted in Sin.” PETA: Lambs: petalambs. https://www.petalambs.com/why-vegan-how/fighting-oppression/

Hume, Major C. W. The Status of Animals in the Christian Religion. London: UFAW, 1957.

Hyland, J. R. God’s Covenant with Animals: A Biblical Basis for the Humane Treatment of All Creatures. NY: Lantern, 2000.

Interpreter’s Bible. Ed./Trans. George Arthur Buttrick, 12 vols. NY: Abingdon, 1956.

Iyer, Sangamithra. “Soiled Hands.” Primate People. Ed. Lisa Kemmerer. University of Utah Press, 2012. 158-64.

Jenner, Luke. “Does God Suffer with Us? (And How that Question Is Misunderstood).” Evangelical Times. April 2014. https://www.evangelical-times.org/articles/biblicaltheological/does-god-suffer-with-us-and-how-that-question-is-misunderstood-1/.

Johnson, Lawrence E. A Morally Deep World: An Essay on Moral Significance and Environmental Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991.

jones, pattrice. “Intersectionality.” Vine Sanctuary. https://vinesanctuary.org/intersections

Joo, Samantha. https://www.linkedin.com/in/samantha-joo-13229530/

“Joyful, Compassionate Eating.” Christian Vegetarian Association. https://christianveg.org/honoring.htm.

Kant, Immanuel. “Lectures on Ethics.” http://faculty.smu.edu/jkazez/animal%20rights/IMMANUEL%20KANT.htm.

Kaufman, Stephen. “Christianity and Animals: Vegetarianism.” CHAI: Concern for Helping Animals in Israel. http://www.chai.org.il/en/compassion/christianity/heritage_christianity4.htm.

---. Guided by the Faith of Christ: Seeking to Stop Violence and Scapegoating. Cleveland: Vegetarian Advocates Press, 2016.

---. “Harming Animals Harms Humans, part 1: Health. Christian Vegetarian Association. https://www.all-creatures.org/articles/an-tpr-reflections-on-lectionary-222.html.

---. “Reflections on Genesis 1:26 and Man’s Dominion.” All-Creatures.org: Animals: Tradition - Philosophy - Religion.” https://www.all-creatures.org/articles/an-tpr-reflections-on-lectionary-221.html

---. “Take Heart.” Christian Vegetarian Association. https://christianveg.org/th-kaufman.htm.

---. “Why We Must Respect Animal Rights.” Christian Vegetarian Association (CVA): AllCreatures.Org. https://www.all-creatures.org/articles/an-tpr-reflections-on-lectionary-05.html.

Kaufman, Stephen and Nathan Braun. Good News for All Creation: Vegetarianism as Christian Stewardship. Cleveland: Vegetarian Advocates Press, 2004.

Kowalski, Gary. The Bible According to Noah: Theology as if Animals Mattered. NY: Lantern, 2001.

Keener, Craig S. A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. 1999.

Kemmerer, Lisa. Animals and World Religions. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012.

---. “Christian Ethics and Nonhuman Animals.” Theandros: An Online Journal of Orthodox Christian Theology and Philosophy 5.3 (Summer 2008). Accessed at https://fra-respect-animal.org/christian-ethics-and-nonhuman-animals-by-dr-lisa-kemmerer.

---. Eating Earth: Environmental Ethics and Dietary Choice. Oxford: Oxford U. Press, 2014.

---. In Search of Consistency: Ethics and Animals. Leiden: Brill Academic, 2006.

---. “Sexism is Speciesism.” Unbounded Project. https://unboundproject.org/author/joanne/. Updated and revised.

---. “What Would Jesus Do?: Christianity’s Mandate to Protect Animals.” Animal Writes (Spring 2001): 1-5.

Kemmerer, Lisa and Bethany Dopp. “A Fishy Business.” Animals and Environment: Advocacy, Activism, and the Quest for Common Ground. Ed. Lisa Kemmerer. Routledge, 2015. 164-68.

Kempis, Thomas à. The Imitation of Christ. Springdale, PA: Whitaker House, 1981.

Kheel, Marti. Nature Ethics. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

King, Kathryn. “Peeper: A Story of Unending Love.” Poultry Press. United Poultry Concerns. Winter 2012. https://www.upc-online.org/pp/winter2012/peeper.html.

King, Matthew. Pride Goes Before Destruction. Eugene: WIPF and Stock, 2023.

---. I will Abolish the Bow. Eugene: WIPF and Stock, 2021.

King, Sarah Withrow. Animals are not Ours: An Evangelical Animal Liberation Theology. Cascade: Eugene, 2016.

---. “The Miraculous Catch: It's Not About Fishing.” CreatureKind. June 4, 2017. https://www.becreaturekind.org/blog-posts/2017/6/4/the-miraculous-catch-its-not-about-fishing.

---. “What Does Christianity Have to Do with Animals?” Christians for Social Action: Animal Welfare, Book Excerpt. Sept. 17, 2019. https://christiansforsocialaction.org/resource/christianity-animals/.

King-Sonnen, Renee. “Testimonials.” Creation Care Church. https://creationcarechurch.org/testimonials/

Klaper, Michael at “Choose Life Over Death, Kindness Over Killing.” Vegan Peace Initiative. n.d. https://veganpeace.com/veganism/compassion.htm.

Kneller, Sam. “Soul, Nephesh in Biblical Hebrew. Here’s the Definition.” The Explanation. March 4, 2020. https://medium.com/the-explanation/soul-nephesh-in-biblical-hebrew-heres-the-definition-b0ce0e6bdd08.

Kreutz, Liz. “The State of The Ocean Is in Peril': Inside Bay Area's Marine Mammal Center Working to Help Stranded, Starving Sea Animals.” ABC 7: News: Marine Mammal Center. Sept. 2, 2019. https://abc7news.com/the-marine-mammal-center-bay-area-sausalito-nonprofit/5508656/. Also, see:

Kristof, Nicholas. “Our Water-Guzzling Food Factory.” The New York Times. May 30, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/nicholas-kristof-our-water-guzzling-food-factory.html.

Larm, Terry A. “Hebrews 10:1-18: Jesus Christ, the Final Sacrifice” Early Christian Writings: Hebrews http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/info/hebrews-larm.html.

“Legal Personhood.” Christian Animal Rights Association. https://christiananimalrights.com/Legal_Personhood.

Li, Chien-hui. “Uniting Christianity, Philanthropy, and Humanity to Animals.” Society & Animals Journal of Human-Animal Studies 8:3 (2000). 265-286.

Linzey, Andrew. Animal Gospel: A Christian Faith as though Animals Mattered. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1998.

---. Animal Theology. Chicago: U of IL, 1995. 27---. “The Arrogance of Humanism.” Animal Welfare and the Environment. Ed. Richard D. Ryder. Melksham: Duckworth, 1992. 68-72.

Linzey, Andrew and Cohn-Sherbok. After Noah: Animals and the Liberation of Theology. London: Mowbray, 1997.

Lopes Cardozo, Nathan in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.

McCartney, Paul at “Fish Feel: Your Page.” Fish Feel. https://fishfeel.org/Sir-Paul-McCartney/.

Mix, Lucas John. The Breath of Life: Nephesh in Hebrew Scriptures. Life Concepts from Aristotle to Darwin. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 79-90.

Maguire, Daniel C. “Population, Consumption, Ecology: The Triple Problematic.” In Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans, edited by Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge, MA: Harvard U. P., 2000. 403–27.

Martin-Schramm, James B. “Incentives, Consumption Patterns, and Population Policies: A Christian Ethical Perspective.” Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans. Ed. Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2000. 439-452.

McFague, Sallie. “An Ecological Christology: Does Christianity Have It?” Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans. Ed. Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2000. 29-45.

Melly, Ludovi, Gianluca Torregrossa, Timothy Lee, Jean-Luc Jansens, and John D. Puskas. “Fifty Years of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.” Journal of Thoracic Disease 10.3 (2018): pages 1960-1967.

“Mercury from Cement Kilns to Be Regulated at Last.” In Brief Summer 2009: 17.

Mische, Patricia M. “The Integrity of Creation: Challenges and Opportunities for Praxis.” Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans. Ed. Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2000. 591-602.

“Mission and Purpose.” Save the Snakes: Purpose. https://savethesnakes.org/purpose/.

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Natelson, Nina in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.

Newkirk, Ingrid. “Slowing Down Slaughter Speeds is a Step Forward, but we can do far Better.” Daily World. June 9, 2021. https://www.thedailyworld.com/opinion/commentary-slowing-down-slaughter-speeds-is-a-step-forward-but-we-can-do-far-better/.

“New Report Card Shows U.S. Ocean Health is Sinking.” Natural Resource Defense Council: Press Release. Feb. 27, 2008. https://www.nrdc.org/media/2008/080227.

New Revised Standard Version. Bible.com. https://www.bible.com/bible/2016/GEN.1.NRSV.

“NOAA Forecasts Summer ‘Dead Zone’ of Nearly 5.4K Square Miles in Gulf of Mexico: Low Oxygen in Water Often Leads to Conditions Where Life Cannot Be Sustained.” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 2, 2022. https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaa-forecasts-summer-dead-zone-of-nearly-54k-square-miles-in-gulf-of-mexico

“Ophite: Gnostic Sects.” Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ophites.

Oppenlander, Richard A. Comfortably Unaware: Global Depletion and Food Responsibility . . . What You Choose to Eat Is Killing our Planet. Minneapolis: Langdon Street, 2011. 12.

“Organizational Theology.” Christian Animal Rights Association. https://christiananimalrights.com/Organizational-Theology.

“Our Mission: From Christian Vegetarian Association (CVA).” Christian Vegetarian Association. https://christianveg.org/mission.htm.

“Our Strategies.” Christian Animal Rights Association, https://christiananimalrights.com/Our-Strategies

Patenaude, Bill. “Pope Francis: Protecting nature ‘demands goodness.’” Catholic Ecology. March 19, 2013. https://catholicecology.net/blog/pope-francis-protecting-nature-demands-goodness.

“PETA Is Helping Donkeys, Thanks to You.” PETAPrime. Dec. 16, 2020. https://prime.peta.org/2020/12/peta-is-helping-donkeys-thanks-to-you/.

Petruzzello, Melissa. “Animals We Ate into Extinction.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/list/6-animals-we-ate-into-extinction.

---. “St. Paul’s Contributions to the New Testament.” Britannica: Philosophy and Religion. https://www.britannica.com/list/st-pauls-contributions-to-the-new-testament.

Phelps, Norm. The Dominion of Love. NY: Lantern, 2002.

---. The Longest Struggle: Animal Advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA. NY: Lantern, 2007.

Phoenix, Joaquin at “Fish Feel: Your Page.” Fish Feel. https://fishfeel.org/joaquin-phoenix/.

Politi Daniel. “Pope: Failing to Care for Environment Is a Betrayal of God.” The Slatest. Jan. 18, 2015. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2015/01/pope-francis-failing-to-care-for-environment-is-a-betrayal-of-god.html

Polk, Danne W. “Gabriel Marcel’s Kinship to Ecophilosophy.” Environmental Ethics 16 (1994): 173-86.

“Prayer 12.” Dominican Sisters of Hope: Four Types of Love in the Tradition of Saint Catherine of Siena. April 29, 2016. https://ophope.org/spirituality/four-types-of-love-in-the-tradition-of-saint-catherine-of-siena/

Preece, Rod. Animals and Nature: Cultural Myths, Cultural Realities. Vancouver: UBC, 1999.

Primatt, Humphrey. The Duty of Mercy and the Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals. Ed. Richard D. Ryder. Fontwell, Sussex: Centaur, 1992. Originally published in 1776.

---. Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy and Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals. T. Cadell, 1776. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/adissertationon00primgoog. All-caps removed from quotes.

“Protological and the Eschatological or ‘The Beginning and the End’.” Christian Animal Rights Association. Christian Animal Rights Association. https://christiananimalrights.com/Beginning-and-End.

“Questions and Answers.” Tomorrow’s World. Sept-Oct. 2011. https://www.tomorrowsworld.org/magazines/2011/september-october/questions-and-answers.

“Rabbi Abraham Isaac HaKohen Kook.” Rav Kook Torah. http://www.ravkooktorah.org/.

Rasimus, Tuomas. “Ophite Gnosticism, Sethianism, and the Nag Hammadi Library.” Vigiliae Christianae 59.3, Aug. 2005: 235-263. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1584571; “Ophite: Gnostic Sects.” Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ophites.

Regenstein, Lewis. Replenish the Earth. NY: Crossroad, 1991.

--- in Vegan Revolution. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.

Rosen, Steven. Food for the Spirit. New York. Bala Books. 1987. 1-41.

Routley, Richard and Val Routley. “Against the Inevitability of Human Chauvinism.” Ethics and Problems of the 21st Century. Ed. Kenneth Goodpaster. Notre Dame: U. of Notre Dame, 1979. 36-59.

Ryder, Richard. “Saints Against Hunting.” AllCreaturs.org. https://www.all-creatures.org/articles/an-tpr-saints-against-hunting.html.

St. John of the Cross. “A Spiritual Canticle of The Soul and the Bridegroom Christ.” Translated by David Lewis, with corrections and an introduction by Benedict Zimmerman, O.C.D. 40. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/john_cross/canticle.html.

Saperstein, Rabbi David. “The Moral Case for Saving Species: Thirteen Prominent Thinkers Explain Why Society Should Give High Priority to the Purpose of the Endangered Species Act.” Defenders. Summer 1998.

Sauven, John. “Why Meat-Eaters should Think Much More about Soil.” The Guardian. May 16, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/16/meat-eaters-soil-degradation-over-grazing.

Schnall, D. J. “Kosher.” Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. Ed Keith Crim, et al. NY: HarperSanFrancisco, 1989.

Schochet, Elijah Judah. Animal Life in Jewish Tradition: Attitudes and Relationships. NY: KTAV Publishing, 1984.

Schwartz, Richard. Judaism and Vegetarianism. NY: Lantern, 2001.

---. Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.

Scully, Matthew. Dominion: The Power of Man, the Suffering of Animals, and the Call to Mercy. NY: St. Martin’s, 2002.

Sellner, Edward. Celtic Saints and Animal Stories: A Spiritual Kinship. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2020.

---. Wisdom of the Celtic Saints. Notre Dame: Ave Maria, 1993.

“Shayne.” Lucy’s UK Donkey Foundation: Donkey Gallery. https://www.lucysdonkeyfoundation.org.uk/donkey-gallery?lightbox=dataItem-kdgcqkni.

Shemesh, Yael in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.

Siegel, Kassie and Brendan Cummings. “Polar Bears: Watching Extinction in Real Time.” Bear Necessities. Ed. Lisa Kemmerer. Leiden: Brill, 2015. 53-60.

Singer, Isaac Bashevis in Animal Life in Jewish Tradition: Attitudes and Relationships. Elijah Judah Schochet. NY: KTAV Publishing, 1984.

Sitwell, Edith. “Still Falls the Rain.” Poets Corner. https://poetscorner.blog/2020/05/26/still-falls-the-rain/.

“Slaughterhouse Workers.” Food Empowerment Project: The Issues. https://foodispower.org/human-labor-slavery/slaughterhouse-workers/.

Smith, Rick, and Bruce Lourie. Slow Death by Rubber Duck: The Secret Danger of Everyday Things. Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2009.

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“Soybeans in Brazil.” Observatory of Economic Complexity. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/soybeans/reporter/bra.

Spalde, Annika and Pelle Strindlund. “Doesn’t Jesus Treat Animals as Property?" A Faith Embracing All Creatures: Addressing Commonly Asked Questions about Christian Care for Animals. Ed. Tripp York and Andy Alexis-Baker. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2012. 103.

Spurgeon. “The Lowly King. The Spurgeon Center. https://www.spurgeon.org/resource-library/sermons/the-lowly-king/. For more on Spurgeon, see https://sarx.org.uk/articles/christianity-and-animals/evangelical-spirituality/

“St Ciaran of Ireland.” Catholic Concern for Animals: Saints Who Love Animals Feast Days St Ciaran-9th September. https://catholic-animals.com/news-items/saints-who-love-animals-st-ciaran/.

Stanley, Morgan. “Dead Zone.” National Geographic. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/dead-zone.

Steinfeld, Henning, Pierre Gerber, Tom Wassenaar, Vincent Castel, Mauricio Rosales, and Cees de Haan. Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006.

Strathdee, Jessica. Mothers Against Dairy. https://mothersagainstdairy.org/dairy-farming-mother/.

Strindlund, Pelle. “Butchers’ Knives into Pruning Hooks: Civil Disobedience for Animals.” In Defense of Animals: The Second Wave. Ed. Peter Singer. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. 167–73.

“Subdue.” Ancient Hebrew Research Center. https://www.ancient-hebrew.org/definition/subdue.html.

Sumner, Kyle. “Kyle Sumner: Christian Hunter Goes Vegan.” PETA: Jesus People for Animals. https://www.petalambs.com/features/kyle-sumner-vegan-christians-testimony/.

“Swine Production and Management Home Study Course: Breeding Management.” Penn State Extension. https://extension.psu.edu/programs/courses/swine/reproduction/breeding-management.

“Testimonies: Christians Speak Up for Animals.” PETA: Lambs: petalambs. https://www.petalambs.com/get-active-for-animals/testimonies/

“The Top 10 Causes of Death.” World Health Organization. Dec. 9, 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death.

“Theories of the Origin of Sacrifice.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/sacrifice-religion/Theories-of-the-origin-of-sacrifice.

“This List Will Change How You Feel About Snakes.” People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals: Animals are not Ours. https://www.peta.org/features/list-will-change-feel-snakes/.

Tolstoy, Leo. The First Step. Manchester: Albert Broadbent, 1900. https://archive.org/details/firststepanessa00maudgoog/page/n70/mode/2up?q=suffering

Tolstoy, Leo. “Three Methods of Reform.” Wikisource. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Pamphlets_(Tolstoy)/Some_Social_Remedies/Three_Methods_of_Reform

Tolstoy’s Letters. Edt. Trans. R. F. Christian. NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1978.

Tripp, May. “At Canterbury Cathedral.” Animal Welfare through the Cross: A Collection of Animal Christian Concern Articles. Ed. Roslyne Louise Smith. Leeds: Gentle Lamb Publishing, 2012. 151-173.

---. “Suffering of the Innocents.” Animal Welfare through the Cross: A Collection of Animal Christian Concern Articles. Ed. Roslyne Louise Smith. Leeds: Gentle Lamb Publishing, 2012. 15-19.

“Ultimate Sacrifice.” Who is Jesus? https://www.biblicaljesus.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/basics.tour/ID/14/Ultimate-Sacrifice.htm.

“Understanding Coronary Artery Disease and How to Prevent It.” Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/high-cholesterol/preventing-CAD#lifestyle-adjustments.

“U.S. Eats 5 Times More than India Per Capita.” May 4, 2008. Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3008449.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst.

“Violence.” Marriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/violence.

Vischer, Lukas and Charles Birch. Living With the Animals. Geneva: WCC, 1997.

Waddell, Helen, trans. Beasts and Saints. London: Constable, 1934. 87-88. Also, Sellner, Celtic Saints and Animal Stories. Paulist Press, 2020.

Walker, Mark. “How Much Food Storage For 1 Year.” Build a Stash. Updated June 10, 2022. https://www.buildastash.com/post/how-much-food-storage-for-1-year

Wasley, Andrew, Christopher Cook, and Natalie Jones. “Two Amputations a Week: The Cost of Working in a US Meat Plant.” The Guardian. July 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/05/amputations-serious-injuries-us-meat-industry-plant.

Webb, Stephen H. Good Eating. Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2001.

Wedderburn Taneika. “What Went into The Pigs?” Caribbean Journal of Evangelical Theology. 2021.1-18.

Wescoe. “Why did Jesus Eat Fish?” Swords to Plowshares. May 13, 2018. https://swords2plowshares.com/2018/05/13/why-did-jesus-eat-fish/.

“What Does Genesis 8:21 Mean?” BibleRef. https://www.bibleref.com/Genesis/8/Genesis-8-21.html.

“What Happens to Animal Waste?” FoodPrint. https://foodprint.org/issues/what-happens-to-animal-waste/.

“What We Believe.” Sarx: For All God’s Creatures. https://sarx.org.uk/what-we-believe/

“Where is the Pain.” U.S.Catholic. https://uscatholic.org/articles/201602/where-there-is-pain-there-is-god/.

“Why Snakes?” Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/s/why-snakes/#more-3182.

Wiesel, Elie quoted in “Where there is Pain, there is God: Human Beings Will Never Understand Why Suffering Exists. But Even in the Midst of Our Pain, there is God.” U.S. Catholic: A U.S. Catholic Interview. Feb. 17, 2016. https://uscatholic.org/articles/201602/where-there-is-pain-there-is-god/.

Wink, Walter. Engaging the Powers: Discernment and Resistance in a World of Domination. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1992.

Winter, Adi. from her Facebook page. Provided by Yossi Wolfson, co-founder of Animals Now, in a personal e-mail.

Wolfson Yossi. Personal Email. May 2021.

Wolfson, Yossi in Vegan Revolution: Saving Our World, Revitalizing Judaism. Richard Schwartz. NY: Lantern Publishing & Media, 2020.

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Wozniacka, Gosia. “The Greenhouse Gas No One’s Talking About: Nitrous Oxide on Farms, Explained.” Civil Eats. Sept. 2019. https://civileats.com/2019/09/19/the-greenhouse-gas-no-ones-talking-about-nitrous-oxide-on-farms-explained/.

Young, Richard Alan. Is God a Vegetarian? Christianity, Vegetarianism, and Animal Rights. Chicago: Open Court, 1999.

Zarin, Cynthia. Saints Among the Animals. NY: Atheneum

Photo Credits

Most images on this website are from We Animals Media (https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/). Image credits for Christianity pages listed below in the order they appear.

Christianity 5.1, Introduction

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/

Freedom Farm Facebook Page. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1456777431167107

Christianity 5.2, Anymals

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Edgars Mission and Freedom Farm in Israel, vegan sanctuaries. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=520287994816060

Jesus.net. https://jesus.net/the-most-famous-paintings-of-jesus/

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

CatholicSaints.Info. https://catholicsaints.info/saint-godric-of-finchale/

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Abbey of the Arts. https://abbeyofthearts.com/blog/2017/06/11/feast-of-st-columcille-self-study-sale-a-love-note-from-your-online-abbess/

Catholic Concern for Animals: The Saints and Their Feast Days. https://catholic-animals.com/saints-who-loved-animals/

Creation Care Church. “About Us.” https://creationcarechurch.org/about/

---. “Our Beliefs.” https://creationcarechurch.org/our-beliefs/

Wikigallery. “The Garden of Eden 2” by Roelandt Jacobsz Savery, European, early17th Century. https://www.wikigallery.org/wiki/painting_162594/Roelandt-Jacobsz-Savery/The-Garden-of-Eden-2.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Karen Davis and United Poultry Concerns. https://www.upc-online.org/pp/spring2019/muffie_and_her_friends_remembered_with_love_and_lessons_learned.html

Matthew Halteman. Private email.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

“Daniel,” Yossi Wolfson, and Animals Now in Tel Aviv. Personal Email.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Green Canticle. https://greencanticle.com/2019/12/17/st-melangell-hares-and-the-origin-of-the-easter-bunny/

Louis Monier/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images. https://www.loa.org/writers/111-isaac-bashevis-singer.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

martikheel.com http://martikheel.com/.

Freedom Farm Facebook Page. https://www.facebook.com/FreedomFarmIsrael/photos/pb.100071258453126.-2207520000./2046480102196834/?type=3

Wikkipedia. Hieronymous Bosch, “Garden of Earthly Delights,” circa 1500 AD. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights.

Nir Elias/Reuters and Yahoo.com: News. “Photos: Disabled animals given new lease of life at Israeli sanctuary.” March 13, 2019. https://news.yahoo.com/photos-disabled-animals-given-new-lease-of-life-at-israeli-sanctuary-154707911.html

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/

Sangamithra Iyer. Personal email. July 2021. (two images)

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Christianity 5.3, Diet

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Crista Forest. “The Divine Manger.” https://www.forestwildlifeart.com/.

Paul McCartney and PETA, https://www.peta.org/media/news-releases/paul-mccartneys-easter-appeal-make-good-friday-animals-try-vegetarian/.

Nir Elias/Reuters. “Animal Advocacy & Sanctuaries: Israel: Middle East: Freedom Farm Sanctuary.” Pacific Roots Magazine. Sept. 4, 2019. http://pacificrootsmagazine.com/freedom-farm-sanctuary/.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Bartolomé Estebán Murillo. “The Crucifixion” (ca. 1675). Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437172.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Domenico Fetti. “Peter's Vision of a Sheet with Animals.” Kunsthistorisches Museum. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ADomenico_Fetti_-_Peter's_vision_of_a_sheet_with_animals_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Wien.jpg

“Peter preaches to Jews and Gentiles.” ClipArt Etc. https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/188000/188068/188068-peter-preaches-to-jews-and-gentiles.htm.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Sarah Withrow King. https://sarahwithrowking.com/bio/.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

“Bringing Our Loaves and Fishes to Jesus.” Jonathan Coe. 2019. Catholic Exchange. https://catholicexchange.com/bringing-our-loaves-and-fishes-to-jesus/.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Ernst Zimmerman. “Christ with the Fisherman.” (1852-1901). Anthony’s Fine Art/Antiques. http://micah-christensen-m3ad.squarespace.com/blog/2016/11/4/christ-with-the-fishermen-by-ernst-zimmermann.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Alexander Ivanof. “Christ's Appearance to Mary Magdalene After the Resurrection.” 1834. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivanov_Christ%27s_Appearance_to_Mary_Magdalene_after_the_Resurrection_1834_gtg_17631.jpg.

Paul McCartney and PETA. “Glass Walls DVD.” https://www.petaliterature.com/product/glass-walls-dvd/. (Flick can be viewed at https://www.peta.org/videos/glass-walls-2/.)

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Visoki Dečani. “The Demons and the Swine.” 14th century. Pravoslavie. https://pravoslavie.ru/80438.html.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Christianity 5.4, Stories

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Ball Python. Save the Snakes.

Green Tree Python. Save the Snakes. https://twitter.com/savethesnakes/status/1102193113571835905.

Choti Singh with a wolf snake. Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/choti-singh/.

Bush viper. Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/snakebite-women-champions.png.

Rembrandt Van Rijn. “The Fall of Man.” ca 1510. 1st Art Gallery. https://www.1st-art-gallery.com/Rembrandt-Van-Rijn/The-Fall-Of-Man.html

Kelly Donithan, Ph.D (of Save the Snakes), holding an Amazon whipsnake. (Photo courtesy of Save the Snakes Courtesy of Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/kelly-donithan/.

Choti Singh relocating a rattlesnake. Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/choti-singh/.

Hiral Naik relocating a puff adder. Save the Snakes. https://savethesnakes.org/team/hiral-naik/

Gustav Jaeger. “Balaam and the Angel.” 1836. Wikimedia. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gustav_Jaeger_Bileam_Engel.jpg.

Iva Rajović. Donkeys exploited. 2019. Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/MG36o6sEIpU.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Jesus appears as a stag to St. Eustace. 13th c English manuscript. Department of History
University of California, Irvine. History 135E. (Dr. Barbara J. Becker.) https://faculty.humanities.uci.edu/bjbecker/SpinningWeb/riddley2.html

St. Anthony with his pig companion. Random Times. https://random-times.com/2023/01/17/january-17-saint-anthony-the-abbot-the-great-or-the-father-of-monks/.

St. Francis and his friend, a fish. ListVerse. https://listverse.com/2022/10/11/10-saints-and-their-animal-companions/

“St. Francis Tames the Wolf of Gubbio.” Blogs.NTU.edu. https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/hp3203-2017-16/5-saint-francis-of-assisi/

Brother Robert Lentz. Julian of Norwich and her cat companion. Sisters of the Incarnation. https://www.sistersoftheincarnation.org/new-blog/2018/5/11/julian-of-norwich

St Ciaran, fox, and deer. Catholic Concern for Animals. https://catholic-animals.com/saints-who-loved-animals/.

Sharing life at the monastery. Medieval Manuscript. British Library. Medieval Manuscripts Blog. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2019/07/st-jerome-and-the-lion.html

St. Giles. Water Stratford. www.waterstratford.org.uk.

“St Melangell,” Animals Interfaith Alliance. July 11, 2015. https://animal-interfaith-alliance.com/2015/07/11/st-melangell-patron-saint-of-animals-for-wales-said-no-to-hunting/.

Jen Delyth, “Saint Cenyd.” https://www.celticartstudio.com/symbol/f/MYTHOLOGY/450.

St. Kevin, deer, blackbird. Glendalough Hermitage Centre. https://glendaloughhermitage.ie/about/st-kevins-parish-church/

Christianity 5.5, Disquietudes

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Karen Davis. Gentleman Jules. United Poultry Concerns. https://www.upc-online.org/holiday/17/.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Kathryn King. “Peeper: A Story of Unending Love.” Poultry Press. Winter 2012. United Poultry Concerns. https://www.upc-online.org/pp/winter2012/peeper.html.

Jim Sano. “The Humble Servant.” https://www.jimsano.com/blog/2016/10/30/the-humble-servant.

Stefan Lochner. “Martyrdom of Saint Paul.” 1435. PX Pixels. https://pixels.com/featured/martyrdom-of-saint-paul-stefan-lochner.html

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

William Strutt. “Peace.” 1896. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Strutt_Peace_1896.jpg

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Christianity 5.6, Activism

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Kessewa Opuku serving food. Sarx. SarxCreature Conference, 2023. https://sarx.org.uk/sarx-events/creature-conference-in-pictures/.

“About Us.” Creation Care Church. https://creationcarechurch.org/category/showcased-content/

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Carl Heinrich Bloch. 1874. “Jesus Casting Out the Money Changers at the Temple (Christ Cleansing the Temple).” Wikipedia. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CastingoutMoneyChangers.jpg

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

“Our Mission.” Christian Animal Rights Association. https://christiananimalrights.com/.

Marc Chagall. “The Prophet Isaiah.” 1968. MPullar. MPullar.https://mpullar.com/2018/07/14/isaiah-and-the-seraph/.

Activists with Animals Now. 2019. Animals Now. https://animals-now.org/en/2019-recap/.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

“About: Our Mission.” Catholic Concern for Animals. https://catholic-animals.com/about/.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

L. N. Tolstoy. Photographer: Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky. 1863-1944. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L._N._Tolstoy,_by_Prokudin-Gorsky_(cropped).jpg.

We Animals Media. https://stock.weanimalsmedia.org/groups/.

Christians engaged in direct action: “Disarm 2007.” Personal E-mail, 2022.